types of seismic waves pdf

(skin-effect) represent another type of surface waves. The main wave types are body waves (P and S waves) and surface waves (Rayleigh and Love waves). types of seismic waves and interaction of seismic waves with shallow ambient tectonic stress Norman H. Sleep 1and Nori Nakata 1Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA Abstract Strong seismic waves bring rock into frictional failure at the uppermost few hundred meters. x�mͽ�0��Kzg&��0�:0��l2��d��,��G��!��:ls��:ǈ��ȱ�Ոbz7dP��R9�nH��`�~IW�VS��" The first type of body wave is the P wave or primary wave. P waves – Primary Waves –fastest kind of seismic wave –can move through solid rock and fluids –pushes and pulls the rock it moves through just like sound waves push and pull the air –P waves are also known as compressional waves, because of the pushing and pulling they do (longitudinal waves) Seismic waves can be defined as, “the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion”1. endobj (skin-effect) represent another type of surface waves. stream %�� Body Waves P Waves (compression wave) The first kind of body wave is the P wave or primary wave. Love, the man who predicted this type of seismic wave in 1911. In these waves the particles vibrate at … The two main types of waves are body waves and surface waves. `Types Seismic Waves Body waves - arrive before the surface waves emitted by an earthquake. Seismic Waves There are two basic types of seismic waves: body waveswhich travel through the body of the earth and sur- face waveswhich travel around the surface of the earth. They are the energy that travels through the earth and is recorded on seismographs. Similar waves, which are generated by earthquakes, artificial explosions and analogous sources, and pr~pagate along the Earth's surface, are referred to as seismic surface waves. The P-wave is the "fast" wave and can be called a push-pull wave, because it moves by contracting and ex-panding along a horizontal path . Dogs, for instance, commonly The types of seismic waves are P waves (which are longitudinal) and S waves (which are transverse). D 26. <> 6 0 obj In this seismic waves worksheet, student will read information about the different types of waves that occur during an earthquake: P (Primary) waves, S (Secondary) waves, and shear waves. In this lesson, we discussed four types of seismic waves: P-waves, S-waves, Rayleigh waves and Love waves. Both have waves that carry energy away from the disturbance. 16 0 obj 9 0 obj S, Shear, Secondary, Transverse Alternating transverse D¾î¸óñåFÂÄ=JÁ½�Äà”†©~k(àş1?‘»¬½dY|aå‰Š&§@a%v©Ôï ì²²ƒï»�â�2éÔRKt÷QÂP¦]{�İç./ü=ı~2Æ†OÅu`„%,:•W¸¨�-:ÏÙVªÉWo.¡Ò07eq$»Mj!z�0å‡¬&í¥"§"-‘ iK�´Ïä9. $.' Seismic waves are caused by earthquakes, underground explosions, volcanic eruptions and man-made explosions that can vibrate the ground. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 720 540] /Contents 16 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 1>> seismic reflection). Some of the worksheets for this concept are Seismic waves, Wave types word bank, , All about waves notes outline answers, Work extreme earth, Activitiesseismicwaves and seismiceruption, What are seismic waves, Unit 4 … Characteristics-1 As the wave moves towards it, the rock is tremble in parallel to it, it is known as a longitudinal wave.2. Types <> Seismic Waves is a browser-based tool to visualize the propagation of seismic waves from historic earthquakes through Earth’s interior and around its surface. endobj P-waves and S-waves are sometimes collectively called body waves. They are the energy that travels through the earth and is recorded on seismographs. 2. Seismic waves can be defined as, “the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion”1. Two types of seismic waves are p-waves and s-waves. P-waves, or primary waves, are the fastest moving type of wave and the first detected by seismographs. endobj As it flows through contraction and expansion of substances, it is called contraction wave. Waves: Introduction and Types A wave is a transfer of energy through a medium from one point to another. endobj waves. Includes activities on elasticity, demonstrating seismic wave types with the Slinky, water waves in a wave tank, wave velocity, and the Human wave demonstration. endobj They usually cause very little damage. The two main types of waves are body waves and surface waves. P-waves <> Earthquakes produce seismic waves that can travel long distances through Earth. Analogously, surface elastic waves can propagate along the surface of an elastic substance. Body waves can be characterized as either primary or sec- ondary. <> Seismic waves travel through the layers of the Earth. Some examples of waves include; water waves, sound waves, and radio waves. 4 0 obj One category of seismic waves are body waves. 2 0 obj <> endobj Secondary, S or Shear Waves are also called transverse wave. Sometimes animals can hear the P waves of an earthquake. using seismic refraction, surface-wave methods) and the presence of geological layers due to their seismic reflectivity (e.g. Waves come in two different forms; a Transverse Wave which moves the medium perpendicular to the wave motion, and a Types of Seismic Waves There are several different kinds of seismic waves, and they all move in different ways. Body waves are waves you have likely heard of before, P waves and S waves. Earthquakes generate four principal types of elastic waves; two, known as body waves, travel within the Earth, whereas the other two, called surface The second major type of seismic wave is called an S-wave. The first type of body wave is the P wave or primary wave. Body waves are waves you have likely heard of before, P waves and S waves. ",#(7),01444'9=82. The P wave can move through solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth. endobj P waves act like an accordion, and move parallel to the propagation direction. <> As it flows through contraction and expansion of substances, it is called contraction wave. �ѲF�˜g#��OӨ��o*(� Figure 5.1.3 5.1.3: Plane P-wave (CC BY-SA 3.0; Christophe Dang Ngoc Chan (cdang) v), S waves can have two components of motion, vertical and horizontal. [ 12 0 R] Displaying top 8 worksheets found for - Types Of Seismic Waves. The P wave can move through solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth. P waves act like an accordion, and move parallel to the propagation direction. endobj A The focus of the earthquake is directly below the epicenter. (slide 12) Rayleigh waves are another type of surface wave. https://www.zmescience.com/other/feature-post/the-types-of-seismic-waves 17 0 obj Types of Seismic Waves. D 24. endobj <> Waves: Introduction and Types A wave is a transfer of energy through a medium from one point to another. There are three basic types of seismic waves – P-waves, S-waves and surface waves. This wave behaviour can also be used on a smaller scale by recording waves generated by explosions or ground vibrators in the search for oil and gas. Easy-to-use controls speed-up, slow-down, or reverse the wave propagation. �N(�5�*��դB��ys��A�`$aI��h{B_5y,)��N�@+ՠϔ"��RLK�Į,t�-�V��t9jQ�Xb�*�Ԫ�$�0Yur��$��th��.��DI��/�$R�'�֣��$:��y>ٯn?޸� �F��-��g;��6#2ru]�K(L��禹�i�B��Äd�,��*��b0+��~?�=�H}'��N��/��iI�nh��p��,�9��n��c��[$v�)��J\We�W��{C�a��s�b��l��m��#�|D�ö^猰�j�d��yA��v��Ǧ��2��ji�#7|�x7�H*��N��s��s��A�v"��j��&\mw�[�!�M2*6��L�E0��h)�:2�;0��d7�$sGe��o��s�2�0߬��]�TP&c"�� xٲ��{wmEv�2_�I��p��_p�m�iL�>m��&L��l��C��t0;U B 27. 10 0 obj These waves are of a higher frequency than surface waves. Whereas body waves travel through a medium, surface waves travel along surfaces and interfaces. Among the many types of seismic waves, one can make a broad distinction between body waves, which travel through the Earth, and surface waves, which travel at the Earth's surface. <> <> Body waves travel through the body of the Earth and are faster than surface waves. 14 0 obj B 25. There are two types of waves we will investigate, P-waves and S-waves. These waves are of a higher frequency than surface waves. Temperature - Increasing temperature causes material to soften and slows down seismic velocities. endobj waves. A 30. Earthquakes radiate seismic endobj Key 21. Some examples of waves include; water waves, sound waves, and radio waves. x��VKo�@�[��[�J,��]E9��Q+EJ�H.��#5��k klR��]�|��н��շk��л��߾G�J)�jМB$)��=}��uo#��}�� L�bTV�ǟ}��c��,��* ��AD8`�P��" ��n}o��/�Vcx�f��lO�l��w߻A��7!+-]�A G�Y�.Z�W 8�U�RB'D�x��x]SӪfПf�D��x]��liN 15 0 obj 3. Earthquakes generate four principal types of elastic waves; two, known as body waves, travel within the Earth, whereas the other two, called surface S-waves, or secondary waves travel more slowly than P waves. Along with this wave flow, the particles of the material move forward and backward, so this is called a 'push-pull wave'. The two main categories of seismic waves are body waves and surface waves. They are also called compressional or longitudinal waves, and push and pull the ground in the direction the wave is traveling. They cause a rolling motion along the surface of the ground, similar to the movement of ocean waves. Similar waves, which are generated by earthquakes, artificial explosions and analogous sources, and pr~pagate along the Earth's surface, are referred to as seismic surface waves. 3 0 obj P-waves or primary waves, are the first waves that the seismograph records. 3. Types. The two types of body waves are P-waves (for primary) and S-waves (for secondary). Seismic Waves and the Slinky: 4-page Lesson Plan/Handout Slinky4.doc. endobj Waves come in two different forms; a Transverse Wave which moves the medium perpendicular to the wave motion, and a Types of Seismic Waves There are several different kinds of seismic waves, and they all move in different ways. Surface waves - are of a lower frequency than body waves, and are easily distinguished on a seismogram as a result. %PDF-1.5 7.2.1 Seismic waves • Waves in a mass- spring system • Acoustic waves in a liquid or gas • Seismic waves in a solid • Surface waves • Wavefronts, rays and geometrical attenuation • Amplitude and energy Waves in a mass- spring system A simple physical model that is useful for describing the motion of a ,¾zqa@G÷‘|?ƒõæ`ı~ÛJË´øÑäıŠ‡ß§c¶Şy\¢¶˜5`s3íe|�Ê÷\>—ÌÊª\-/ endobj <> Analogously, surface elastic waves can propagate along the surface of an elastic substance. Compressional, Primary, Longitudinal Alternating compressions (“pushes”) and dilations (“pulls”) which are directed in the same direction as the wave is propagating (along the raypath) P motion travels fastest in materials, so the P-wave is the first- arriving energy on a seismogram. endobj P-waves typically travel 6−13 km/sec and s-waves typically travel 3.5−7.5 km/sec. Body waves can travel through the earth's inner layers, but surface waves can only move along the surface of the planet like ripples on water. L- Waves… endstream B 28. 5 0 obj 1 0 obj `Seismic Waves These are the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion. endobj Types of Seismic Waves 1. 13 0 obj Body waves - arrive before the surface waves emitted by an earthquake. Earthquake waves, more commonly known as seismic waves, are vibrations generated by an earthquake and propagated within Earth or along its surface. Dogs, for instance, commonly 8 0 obj Seismic waves are captured by a recorder known as a seismograph. P-waves and S-waves are sometimes collectively called body waves. endobj Example: Enrichment in iron can reduce shear-wave speed . 12 0 obj Body waves are waves you have likely heard of before, P waves and S waves. endstream by mapping seismic gaps, scientists can identify which areas are most at risk within a timeframe of 30 to 100 years 3. <> 7 0 obj These waves travel in the same direction, but they shake the ground … The first two are body waves, the latter two are surface waves. Along with this wave flow, the particles of the material move forward and backward, so this is called a 'push-pull wave'. Surface waves travel along the surface of the ground and are slower and more destructive than body waves. <> Seismic Velocity¶ Elastic energy propagates through the earth in different ways and at different speeds. B 22. Types of Seismic Waves One category of seismic waves are body waves. This is the fastest kind of seismic wave. sections of the active fault— that is, the seismic gaps—are apparently dormant because they are locked by friction. wave is propagating (along the raypath) P motion travels fastest in materials, so the P-wave is the first-arriving energy on a seismogram. <> When earthquakes occur, they release energy in a form of seismic waves. This is the fastest kind of seismic wave, and, consequently, the first to 'arrive' at a seismic station. stream The focus is the origin of the earthquake 3. Seismic waves make the ground vibrating to all directions from the starting point of the earthquake. The P wave can move through solid rock and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth. These waves were named for A.E.H. A four-page version of the Seismic Waves … <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 720 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Types of Seismic Waves There are several different kinds of seismic waves, and they all move in different ways. The relative arrival times of different types of seismic waves is used to determine the distance of the seismograph station from the origin of the earthquake. They are the energy that travels through the earth and recorded on seismographs. Red - seismic waves travel more slowly than normal . �� JFIF ` ` �� ZExif MM * J Q Q Q �� C : 48–50: 56–57 Other modes of wave propagation exist than those described in this article; though of comparatively minor importance for earth-borne waves, they are important in the case of asteroseismology. Seismic methods can provide valuable information of the subsurface, such as the seismic velocity structure of the geology (e.g. Sometimes animals can hear the P waves of an earthquake. P waves – Primary Waves –fastest kind of seismic wave –can move through solid rock and fluids –pushes and pulls the rock it moves through just like sound waves push and pull the air –P waves are also known as compressional waves, because of the pushing and pulling they do (longitudinal waves) A 29. Types of seismic waves. Figure 1 shows how p-waves and s-waves move and are refracted (bent) as they travel through different layers of Earth’s interior. Generally smaller and higher frequency than the S- and Surface waves. <>>> When the released energy comes on the surface of the earth, that time generated waves are known as L- waves. Characteristics-1 As the wave moves towards it, the rock is tremble in parallel to it, it is known as a longitudinal wave.2. Waves can be longitudinal or transverse. Chemistry - Chemical composition and mineralogy affects seismic properties . A 23. P waves in a liquid or gas are pressure waves, including sound waves. Blue - seismic waves travel faster than normal . Slinky4.pdf. Types of seismic waves There are three basic types of seismic waves – P-waves, S-waves and surface waves. stream Figure $\PageIndex{3}$: Plane P-wave (CC BY-SA 3.0; Christophe Dang Ngoc Chan (cdang) via Wikimedia) Seismic wave, vibration generated by an earthquake, explosion, or similar energetic source and propagated within the Earth or along its surface. 11 0 obj P waves act like an accordion, and move parallel to the propagation direction. Types of Seismic Waves One category of seismic waves are body waves. Seismic wave, vibration generated by an earthquake, explosion, or similar energetic source and propagated within the Earth or along its surface. This is the fastest kind of seismic wave, and, consequently, the first to 'arrive' at a seismic station. 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