They agreed to do so in the June 1691 Declaration of Achallader, the Earl of Breadalbane signing for the government; in July, the Battle of Aughrim ended the War in Ireland and immediate prospects of a Restoration. While the Maclain of Glencoe was promised safety, Dalrymple saw an opportunity to make an example of the King’s strength. Who Ordered the Massacre of Glencoe - He is known as the “Curse of Scotland” for his role in the Glencoe Massacre, the government minister whose exploits went largely unpunished following the infamous murders which took place 325 years ago this week. Dalrymple was appointed Secretary of State of Scotland during the reign of William II and had virtual control of his affairs north of the border. While the massacre was not unique in Scottish history, its brutality was shocking in the context of late 17th century Scottish society. Their commander was Robert Campbell of Glenlyon, a local landowner whose niece was married to one of MacIain's sons. Dalrymple, of Ayrshire, a former Lord Advocate, quickly acted upon his disdain for the Highland clans who broadly retained support for deposed James VII, the brother-in-law of the new king. They’re sometimes called potato scones, and you may also hear them called fadge or potato bread in Ireland. [26], In May, fears of a French invasion meant the Argylls were posted to Brentford in England, then Flanders. An excellent, exciting account of this grim episode in Scottish history. [17], In the debate that followed, Colonel Hill claimed most Highlanders were peaceful, and even in Lochaber, a single person may travell safley where he will witout harme. Two days later, secret articles appeared, cancelling the agreement in the event of a Jacobite invasion and signed by all the attendees, including Breadalbane, who claimed they had been manufactured by Glengarry, the MacDonald chief. On 1 st February 1692, ten days before the massacre, they were ordered to march into Glencoe and await further instructions. It was a significant element in the persistence of Jacobitism in the Highlands, and remains a powerful symbol for a variety of reasons. This massacre still resonates in the local conciousness today. But it wasn’t long before he was back in government. This suggests the Episcopalian Glencoe MacDonalds only replaced the Catholic Glengarry as the target on 11 January; MacIain's son John MacDonald told the 1695 Commission the soldiers came to Glencoe from the north '...Glengarry's house being reduced.'[16]. The Massacre of Glencoe. The regiment remained here until the Nine Years' War ended in 1697; it was disbanded, and no action taken against those involved. Expecting you will not faill in the full-filling hereof, as you love your selfe, I subscribe these with my hand att Balicholis Feb: 12, 1692. sfn error: no target: CITEREFLenman1995 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFLenman1991 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFSomers1843 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFPreeble1968 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFMacaulay1859 (, "Site Record for Glencoe, Massacre Of Glencoe Memorial; Macdonald's Monument; Glencoe Massacre", "Game of Thrones author George R R Martin why he wrote the red wedding", "An Account of the depredations committed on the Clan Campbell and their followers during the years 1685 and 1686", "Managing the Early Modern Periphery: Highland Policy and the Highland Judicial Commission, c. 1692–c. Fugitives were helped at Castle Stalker, a safe place for Clan Campbell, according to tradition. [30], The Massacre was referenced in a 1695 pamphlet by Jacobite-activist Charles Leslie, entitled Gallienus Redivivus, or Murther will out, &c. Being a true Account of the De Witting of Glencoe, Gaffney. His role in the Glencoe Massacre helped forge the bitter association. Instead, Alasdair was directed to the Sheriff at It has been argued the Highlands were generally more peaceful than often suggested, in part because chiefs could be fined for crimes committed by their clansmen. 'You are hereby ordered to fall upon the rebels, the MacDonalds of Glencoe, and to put all to the sword under seventy.' Hamilton was not in position at Kinlochleven until 11:00; his detachment included two lieutenants, Francis Farquhar and Gilbert Kennedy who often appear in anecdotes claiming they 'broke their swords rather than carry out their orders.' Sir Colin administered the Oath on 6 January, after which MacIain returned home. Who Ordered the Massacre of Glencoe - He is known as the “Curse of Scotland” for his role in the Glencoe Massacre, the government minister whose exploits went largely unpunished following the infamous murders which took place 325 years ago this week. The massacre of Glencoe Nevertheless in one case the submission came too late. [3], In March 1689, James landed in Ireland while John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee recruited a small force for a supporting campaign in Scotland, which included the Camerons and Keppoch MacDonalds. Glencoe village today. [37], The brutality of the Massacre shocked Scottish society and became a Jacobite symbol of post-1688 oppression; in 1745, Prince Charles ordered Leslie's pamphlet and the 1695 Parliamentary minutes reprinted in the Edinburgh Caledonian Mercury. He argued lawlessness was deliberately encouraged by leaders like Glengarry, while ‘the midle sort of Gentrey and Commons....never got anything but hurt’ from it. [52] Work in the summer of 2019 focused on the settlement of Achtriachtan, at the extreme end of the glen; home to an estimated 50 people, excavations show it was rebuilt after 1692 and still occupied in the mid-18th century. The massacre was only one in a series of incidents deemed as such, including the Darien scheme, the famine of the late 1690s, and the Union of 1707. Primarily directed against areas in Cowal and Kintyre settled by Lowland migrants, it destabilised large parts of the central and southern Highlands, and the government of James II had to use military force to restore order. [8] Stair's letters increasingly focused on enforcement, reflecting his belief forged or not, none of the signatories intended to keep their word. In 1691 all Highland Clan Chiefs were required to swear and sign an oath of loyalty to the new, protestant King William III by no later than 1 January 1692. Sort order. The role of John Dalrymple, 1st Earl of Stair, a shrewd political operator who helped secure King William II and his wife Mary on the throne, went largely unpunished. 'You are hereby ordered to fall upon the rebels, the MacDonalds of Glencoe, and to put all to the sword under seventy.' Le massacre débuta simultanément en trois endroits de Glen Coe Invercoe, Inverrigan et Achacon mais les meurtres s'étendirent à toute la vallée lors de la fuite des MacDonald. An historical account of the massacre, in February 1692, of the small Clan MacDonald of Glencoe by Campbell of Glenlyon's troops under orders from the English Government. [42] Glencoe became part of a focus on 'the emotional trappings of the Scottish past...bonnie Scotland of the bens and glens and misty shieling, the Jacobites, Mary, Queen of Scots, tartan mania and the raising of historical statuary. Massacre at Glencoe. King James VII of Scotland and II of England was a poor king by any standard: hot-headed, naïve, politically callous and worst of all for many, an adherent to the … Massacre at Glencoe The massacre was an act of official policy, conceived by Dalrymple, executed by a Scottish commander-in-chief, approved by the King and carried out by a regiment in the British Army. Scottish foods. You are to have a special care that the old Fox and his sons do upon no account escape your hands, you are to secure all the avenues that no man escape.” Glencoe Massacre Memorial Inscription (Photo credit: Kim Traynor) The massacre began at 5am the next morning. The massacre . Written by Jim McLean and published by Duart Music, 1963, "Massacre Of Glencoe", "The Massacre Of Glencoe" or simply "Glencoe" is not the first song to be written about this infamous, shameful and senseless act of what would today be called ethnic cleansing in the Scottish Highlands. Tuesday, 7th February 2017, 1:41 pm . In addition, links between Irish and Scottish branches of the MacDonalds, as well as Scots and Irish Presbyterians, meant unrest in one country often spilled into the other. [38] It was referenced by Whig historian, Thomas Macaulay, in his 1859 History. Despite assurances at Fort William that McIain would be protected, word was delivered to Dalrymple at his office in Kensington Palace by Archibald, 10th Earl of Argyll, Chief of Clan Campbell, that MacIain’s certificate was void. The Campbell’s have long been vilified for their role in the massacre. 'You are hereby ordered to fall upon the rebels, the MacDonalds of Glencoe, and to put all to the sword under seventy.' The Massacre of Glencoe. Whoever was pulling the strings, Dalrymple had found his target - and could barely contain his delight. The Highland Jacobites sought counsel from France and a form of peace briefly settled as clansmen waited a response. [45], Its continuing emotional power was demonstrated in 1998, when a plaque was installed at a granite boulder south of Carnach. The massacre of the MacDonald’s of Glencoe is one of the most notorious acts of infamy in Scottish history and is remembered even now with bitter distaste by many of that clan. It marked the beginning of the end of the clan system and the old, free Highland way of life. It applied only to murder committed in 'cold-blood', for example when articles of surrender had been agreed, or hospitality accepted, and was subject to interpretation. Le massacre de Glencoe (écossais : Mort Ghlinne Comhann) s'est déroulé dans la vallée de Glen Coe en Écosse, tôt dans la matinée du 13 février 1692, à l'époque de la Glorieuse Révolution et du jacobitisme. 'You are hereby ordered to fall upon the rebels, the MacDonalds of Glencoe, and to put all to the sword under seventy.' The attack had been planned at the very highest level of the state. He was to spare none below the age of seventy. '[24] Recent estimates put total deaths resulting from the Massacre as 'around 30', while claims others died of exposure have not been substantiated. Glencoe was a popular topic with 19th-century poets, the best-known work being Sir Walter Scott's "Massacre of Glencoe". However, Dalrymple took issue with the pace of progress and King William issued a proclamation to the clan leaders - pledge your allegiance or be answerable at your “highest peril”. A Song of Ice and Fire author, George R. R. Martin, cites the Glencoe Massacre as one of two historical influences on the infamous "Red Wedding" in his 2000 book A Storm of Swords. The massacre was launched on February 13 1692 after the King ordered Captain Robert Campbell of Glen Lyon to attack his hosts and “put all to the sword under seventy”. '[43], After the study of Scottish history re-emerged in the 1950s, Leslie's perspectives continued to shape views of William's reign as particularly disastrous for Scotland. Glencoe was a popular topic with 19th-century poets, the best-known work being Sir Walter Scott's "Massacre of Glencoe". '[29] The impetus behind an inquiry was political; as a former member of James' administration, who then became a supporter of the new regime, Stair was unpopular with both sides. However, the Governor at Fort William denied he had the requisite authority to accept the Oath. It was an act of official policy, conceived by a Secretary of State for Scotland, Dalrymple, and executed by a Scottish commander- in- chief, approved by the King, and carried out by a regiment in the British Army. Detail from James Hamilton's Massacre … In 1691, King William the Third, recognising the resurgence of the Jacobite cause, ordered all the clan chiefs to sign an oath of allegiance by 1st January 1692. So while the massacre was carried out by … [19] The Glencoe MacDonalds themselves were similarly billeted on the Campbells when serving with the Highland levies used to police Argyll in 1678. In late January 1692, two companies or approximately 120 men from the Earl of Argyll's Regiment of Foot arrived in Glencoe from Invergarry. However, they serve to demonstrate how the Glencoe massacre has wormed its way into Scottish national consciousness. The infamy of the massacre of Glencoe is not so much in the numbers killed, but in the way it was carried out. 'You are hereby ordered to fall upon the rebels, the MacDonalds of Glencoe, and to put all to the sword under seventy.' Glencoe is a village located in the Scottish Highlands about 90 miles north of Glasgow. Glenlyon died in Bruges in August 1696, Duncanson was killed in Spain in May 1705, Drummond survived to take part in another famous Scottish disaster of the period, the Darien Scheme. On December 30, Alistair McIain of Glencoe - head of a sept of Clan Donald - was crossing the north in deep wintry conditions in order to sign the pledge. This differs from their testimony to the Commission and is unlikely, since they arrived hours after the killings, which were carried out at the opposite end of the glen. [20], Highland regiments were formed by first appointing Captains, each responsible for recruiting sixty men from his own estates. By The Newsroom. This is the original order sent to Captain Robert Campbell of Glenlyon, instructing him to kill the MacDonalds of Glencoe. One suggestion for the delay was an internal power struggle between Protestant elements of the MacDonald clan, like Glencoe, and the Catholic minority, led by Glengarry. [1], Casualties would have been higher, but, whether by accident or design, Hamilton and Duncanson arrived after the killings had finished. This was the treacherous and cold-blooded order ruthlessly carried out on 13 February 1692, when the Campbells slaughtered their hosts the MacDonalds at the Massacre of Glencoe. He added in to the letter he had been writing at the time: “Just now, my Lord Argyll tells me that Glencoe hath not taken the oaths, at which I rejoice. The crime was committed by soldiers under the command of Archibald Campbell, a Scotsman in the service of William III, King of England and Scotland who came to power following the revolution a few years prior. It’s known for its magical landscape, which has made it a popular filming location for movies such as Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Rob Roy, and Highlander.But Glencoe is also remembered for a story of clan betrayal that led to a tragic and bloody Glencoe Massacre in 1692. Forge the bitter association an archaeological survey in 2019 showed Glencoe was promised safety, Dalrymple saw an opportunity make... 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