political history of nepal from 2007 to 2072

The Nepal Government Act 1948. recent years’ political development in Nepal bears signs of important steps forward in the process of democratization. It helped the movement of Nepal when King Tribhuwan left the palace and went to India to support the movement. Nepse Index reached its all-time high of 1881.45 on July 27, 2016. After Aramudi, who is mentioned in the Kashmirian chronicle, the Rajatarangini of Kalhana (1150 CE), many Thakuri kings ruled over parts of the country up to the middle of the 12th century CE. In 1992, in a situation of economic crisis and chaos, with spiraling prices as a result of the implementation of changes in policy of the new Congress government, the radical left stepped up their political agitation. Bhaskara Deva, a Thakuri from Nuwakot, succeeded Vijayakama Deva and established the Nuwakot-Thakuri rule. Constitution Of Nepal 2072: Under Fire With the promulgation of the New Constitution on September 20, Nepal’s prolonged political transition has come to a formal end, logically concluding the peace process started after a decade of violent Maoist insurgency. Nepal 2072 Major incidents Nepal 2072 The history of Nepal is intertwined with the history of the broader Indian subcontinent and the surrounding regions, comprising the areas of South Asia and East Asia. [19], In 641, Songtsen Gampo of the Tibetan Empire sends Narendradeva back to Licchavi with an army and subjugates Nepal. [b] According to Nepal Mahatmya,[c] Nemi was charged with protection of the country by Pashupati. to 2017 B.S. Lokendra Bahadur Chand appointed as PM. Party politics began in Nepal in the leadership of Nepali Congress and Nepal Communist Party. After his demise, the valley was divided into three independent kingdoms—Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, and Patan—in about 1484 CE. [26] From beginning to the mid of 18th century, the Thapas and Pandes had extreme dominance over Nepalese Darbar politics alternatively contesting for central power amongst each other.[27]. 4. The population of nearly 30 million includes 125 ethnic groups and 127 spoken languages. This eventually ended in the return of the Shah family to power and the appointment of a non-Rana as prime minister following a tri-partite agreement signed called 'Delhi Compromise'. Executive answerable to the king . After Harsha Deva, Shivadeva the third ruled from 1099 to 1126 CE. The rebels are to join a transitional government and their weapons will be placed under UN supervision. development o f ICT in Nepal is said to be started establishmen t of Nepal Doorsanchar C ompany - a governm ent owned entity establishe d in early 1913 (Rathjens, Butman, & Vaidya, 1975). Nepalese expansion halted by defeat at hands of Chinese in Tibet. They were the Rajputs, from Bihar and Uttar Pradesh of today’s India. It is possible that the Dravidian people whose history predates the onset of the bronze age in the Indian subcontinent (around 3300 BC) inhabited the area before the arrival of other ethnic groups like the Tibeto-Burmans and Indo-Aryans from across the border. • They attacked and defeated the last Kirati king, Gasti. The 2008 election of a Constituent Assembly with the mandate to draft the country’s new constitution is a case in point. Caught in row over dismissal of Nepal's army chief, country's Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal, also known as Prachanda, has resigned citing obstacle in government functioning as the main reason. This defeat of the British completely shattered the hopes of King Jaya Prakash Malla. He dismissed the elected Koirala government, declared that a "partyless" system would govern Nepal, and promulgated a new constitution on December 16, 1960. Nepal’s larger neighbors also seek to influence the political turmoil to their own benefit. Why is Nepal's new constitution controversial? King Mahendra was succeeded by his 27-year-old son, King Birendra, in 1972. The crash of the Nepse Index in the last 3 years has awakened several questions regarding the risks associated with the investment in stocks. General background . To commemorate this important event, Raghava Deva started the 'Nepal Era' which began on 20 October, 879 CE. ), Garzilli, Enrica, "Nepal, stallo politico e lentezze nella realizzazione del processo di pace e di riconciliazione", in, Garzilli, Enrica, "A Sanskrit Letter Written by Sylvain Lévy in 1925 to Hemarāja Śarmā along with Some Hitherto Unknown Biographical Notes (Cultural Nationalism and Internationalism in the First Half of the 20th Century – Famous Indologists write to the Raj Guru of Nepal – No. After Sivadeva III, Mahendra Deva, Mana Deva, Narendra Deva II, Ananda Deva, Rudra Deva, Amrita Deva, Ratna Deva II, Somesvara Deva, Gunakama Deva II, Lakmikama Deva III and Vijayakama Deva II ruled Nepal in quick succession. A series of bomb blasts kill and injure dozens in the southern Terai plains. Similar contexts can be found in 'Himbatkhanda', which also mentions that "the masters of Vaishali had started ruling in Nepal by defeating Kirats". [34] In the elections held on 10 April 2008, the Maoists secured a simple majority, with the prospect of forming a government to rule the proposed 'Republic of Nepal'. 1. 2007 April - Maoists join an interim government, a move which brings them into the political mainstream. So, on 16 November 1951, the king formed a new government of 14 ministers under Matrika Prasad Koirala, which was later dissolved. Early Malla rule started with Ari Malla in the 12th century. The king's new regime made little progress in his stated aim to suppress the insurgents. Municipal elections in February 2006 were described by the European Union as "a backward step for democracy", as the major parties boycotted the election and some candidates were forced to run for office by the army. The Pashupati Purana mentions that "the masters of Vaishali established their own regime by confiding Kiratis with sweet words and defeating them in war". Shankara Deva (1067–1080 CE) was the most illustrious ruler of this dynasty. GP Koirala is appointed as prime minister. King Tribhuwan dies, King Mahendra ascends throne. Yaksha Malla, the grandson of Jayasthiti Malla, ruled the Kathmandu valley until almost the end of the 15th century. He was a brave and powerful king. The earthquake also triggered an avalanche on Mount Everest, killing 21. The Treaty of Sugauli was signed in 1816, ceding large parts of the Nepalese controlled territories to the British. NCP begins civil disobedience campaign for restoration of multi-party system. Not only his social and economic views guided the country's socio-economic course for a long time, his use of the imagery, 'a yam between two boulders' in Nepal's geopolitical context, formed the principal guideline of the country's foreign policy for future centuries. In a historical vote for the election of the constituent assembly, the Nepalese parliament voted to abolish the monarchy in June 2006. A US offer to resettle thousands of Bhutanese. Street protests suppressed by security forces resulting in deaths and mass arrests. The head of state is the President and the Prime Minister holds the position of the Head of executive. Anti-Rana forces based in India form alliance with monarch. The Nepali Congress with the support of the United Left Front decided to launch a decisive agitational movement, the Jana Andolan, which forced the monarchy to accept constitutional reforms and to establish a multiparty parliament. He suspended the parliament by using the Article-55 of the Constitution of Nepal and banned the political parties (Nepali Congress, Nepal Communist Party, and other parties). He was a true nationalist in his outlook and was in favor of adopting a closed-door policy with regards to the British. It has three political parties mainly recognised in the federal parliament: Nepal Communist Party (NCP), Nepali Congress (NC), and Janata Samajwadi Party (JSPN). Elections for a constituent assembly pushed back to November. When Patan was captured a few weeks later, both Jaya Prakash Malla and Tej Narsingh Malla, the king of Patan took refuge in Bhaktapur, which was captured on the night of 25 November 1769. By defeating the last king of the Avir dynasty Bhuwansingh in a battle, Kirati King Yalung or Yalamber had taken the regime of the valley under his control. The politics of Nepal functions within the framework of a parliamentary republic with a multi-party system. The tradition of Indra Jatra started during his reign. From the 7th or 8th Century B.C. [5] The earliest inhabitants of modern Nepal and adjoining areas are believed to be people from the Indus Valley Civilisation. Why is the 1st Poush, 2017 BS considered as the "Black Day" in the history of Nepal? Should they sell their stocks at current … It was the worst natural disaster to strike the country since the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake. King Gyanendra dismisses Prime Minister Deuba and his government, declares a state of emergency and assumes direct power, citing the need to defeat Maoist rebels. It was followed by the Interim Government Act 2007 after the introduction of democracy. This category has the following 9 subcategories, out of 9 total. According to Hindu mythology, Nepal derives its name from an ancient Hindu sage called Ne, referred to variously as Ne Muni or Nemi. The custom of pasting the pictures of Nagas and Vasuki on the doors of houses on the day of Nagapanchami was introduced by him. The interim government rule was started on 17 th Chaitra, 2007 … The referendum was held in May 1980, and the Panchayat system gained a narrow victory. King Gyanendra dismisses Deuba and indefinitely puts off elections set for November. Constitutional history of Nepal. Temples to the north of the temple of Pashupatinath were renovated in this period. This forces the postponement of November's constituent assembly elections. In the Constituent Assembly election of November 2013, the Nepali Congress won the largest share of the votes but failed to get a majority. Similarly, the Constituent Assembly elected Pushpa Kamal Dahal (Prachanda) of the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) as the first Prime Minister of the republic on August 15, 2008, favoring him over Sher Bahadur Deuba of the Nepali Congress. Small majority favours keeping existing panchayat system. At the same time, despite of Chinese claims, the British supported Nepalese independence at the beginning of the twentieth century. Established the Advisory Assembly and Election Commision. The Kathmandu valley was thus conquered by King Prithvi Narayan Shah, who proclaimed himself King with Kathmandu as the royal capital of the Kingdom of Nepal.[24]. The army successfully defended and won the battle. After failing to draft a constitution before the deadline, the existing Constituent Assembly was dissolved by the government on 28 May 2012 and a new interim government was formed under the premiership of the Chief Justice of Nepal, Khil Raj Regmi. After Bhaskara Deva, four kings of this line ruled over the country. [38] In response to the Madhesi protests, India suspended vital supplies to landlocked Nepal, citing insecurity and violence in border areas. On February 1, 2005, King Gyanendra dismissed the entire government and assumed full executive powers, declaring a state of emergency to quash the revolution. End of Rana rule. After Nuwakot, he occupied strategic points in the hills surrounding the Kathmandu valley. • After lost political fortune in India the come in the Nepal. A victory rally was held in Kathmandu on 27 th Chaitra and peole gathered all around. Some times this period is called. In 2007, the Interim Constitution of Nepal was adopted, replacing the 1990 Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal. Politicians were placed under house arrest, phone and internet lines were cut, and freedom of the press was severely curtailed. existed for 104 years in Nepal. (present-day Nepal), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Nepalese_history&oldid=1000119222, Articles to be expanded from February 2012, Articles with empty sections from February 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The stone Inscription was kept in Chagunarayan by the King Mahandev(Who was the 39th King of the Lichhavi dynasty on the basis of the Stone incription kept in Pashupati by Jaydev, "Transitional" kingdom in power in Kathmandu Valley (to 1200), Malla kings rule in western Nepal (to 1484), Newar king Ripu Malla leads raid in Kathmandu Valley, Jayasthitimalla rules as king of united Malla kingdom in Kathmandu Valley (to 1395), Yakshamalla reigns – height of united Malla kingdom (to 1482), Malla kingdom divided; three kingdoms of Kathmandu, Bhadgaon, and Patan expand, Ram Shah of Gorkha reigns; Gorkha kingdom experiences first expansion (to 1633). As a result, riots broke out and the Nepal Telecommunications building was set on fire; police opened fire at the crowd, killing several persons. [33] A seven-party coalition resumed control of the government and stripped the king of most of his powers. New constitution provides for non-party system of councils known as "panchayat" under which king exercises sole power. Lichhavis • Lichhavi Dynasty ruled Nepal from 300 to 600 A.D. In the 14th century, before Kathmandu was divided into 3 princely states, Araniko was sent to China upon the request of Abhaya Malla for representing the skill of art and architecture, and he introduced the Pagoda style of architecture to China and subsequently, whole of Asia. State the social and economic aspects during the period of 2007 BS to 2017 BS and write their impacts . [15] Its capital was Kapilavastu, which may have been located either in present-day Tilaurakot, Nepal. By Akan Takruri, Susi Dunsmore British Museum Press, 1993 - Crafts & Hobbies - 204 pages, sfn error: no target: CITEREFJoshiRose1966 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFPradhan2012 (, Hoftun, Martin, William Raeper and John Whelpton. Due to his survival, he temporarily became king before dying of his wounds, after which Prince Gyanendra (King Birendra's brother) inherited the throne, as per tradition. He also constructed wells, canals, and tanks at different places. Sher Bahadur Deuba heads interim government, renews emergency. [1] The Anglo-Nepalese War ended in British victory and ceded some Nepalese territory. King Gyanendra reappoints Sher Bahadur Deuba as prime minister with the task of holding elections. It was a 10 member joint government. Maoist rebels call a three-month ceasefire. Nepalese troops lay siege to Kangra, farthest extent of Gurkha empire. The four noble families involved largely in the active politics of the kingdom were the Shah rulers, the Thapas, the Basnyats, and the Pandes before the rise of the Rana dynasty. During the 1950s, efforts were made to frame a constitution for Nepal that would establish a representative form of government, based on a British model. Different genealogies state different names of the last Kirati king. • They are the second rulers of Nepal. His assessment of the situation among the hill principalities was correct, and the principalities were subjugated fairly easily. Subsequently, the elected prime minister, members of parliament and hundreds of democratic activists were arrested. Sovereignty of crown restored and anti-Rana rebels in Nepalese Congress Party form government, King Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah Dev ascends throne. Bhimsen Thapa falls, beginning unstable period in court politics. On 25 September 1768, as the people of Kathmandu were celebrating the festival of Indra Jatra, the Gorkhali army marched into the city. Previous Constitutions of Nepal. The king, Harisingh Dev, fled northwards where his son, Jagatsingh Dev, was married to the widow princess of Bhaktapur, Nayak Devi.[23]. Mandev is one of the Lichhavi king of Nepal. The first democratic elections were held in 1959, and B. P. Koirala was elected prime minister. He founded the town of Kirtipur and roofed the temple of Pashupatinath with gold. Minority ethnic groups like Madhesi and Tharu protested vigorously against the constitution which came into effect on 20 September 2015. By James Prinsep", https://www.britannica.com/place/Nepal/History, "British Diplomatic Views on Nepal and the Final Stage of the Ch'ing Empire (1910–1911)", Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist-Maoist), When a king's looking-glass world is paid for in blood, https://www.lonelyplanet.com/nepal/history, Nepalnews.com, news from Nepal as it happens, https://blogs.wsj.com/briefly/2015/09/23/nepals-new-constitution-at-a-glance/. One-state-one-language became the national policy in an effort to carry out state unification, uniting various ethnic and regional groups into a singular Nepali nationalist bond. Once Japan entered the conflict, sixteen battalions of the Nepali Army fought on the Burmese front. [37] They pointed out that their concerns had not been addressed and there were few explicit protections for their ethnic groups in the document. In 1860 some parts of western Terai, known as Naya Muluk (new country) was restored to Nepal. King Mahendra dies, succeeded by Birendra. On December 24, 2007, seven parties, including the former Maoist rebels and the ruling party, agreed to abolish the monarchy and declare Nepal a federal republic. This period is the first documented period in the history of Nepal. The rulers of Simroungarh were as follows:[22], In 1324 CE, Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq attacked Simroungarh and demolished the fort. The CPN (UML) and the Nepali Congress negotiated to form a consensus government, and Sushil Koirala of the Nepali Congress was elected as prime minister. Parliament dissolved, fresh elections called amid political confrontation over extending the state of emergency. In addition to military support, Nepal contributed guns, equipment as well as hundreds of thousand of pounds of tea, sugar and raw materials such as timber to the Allied war effort. During, the constitutional development of Nepal, the government of Nepal Act 2004 B.S is the first and historical document of Nepal which was declared by the Shree III Padma Shamsher JBR. When Lichhavies, lost their political fortune in India, came to Nepal. 2. The Nepali Congress won 110 of the 205 seats and formed the first elected government in 32 years. Nepal is a multi-ethnic, multiracial, multicultural, multi-religious, and multilingual country. [8] Other ethnic groups of Indo-Aryan origin later migrated to southern part of Nepal from Indo-Gangetic Plain of northern India. In Nepal, the “upper” castes refer to the Brahmans and Chhetris and the “lower” castes refer to the Dalits who suffer from caste- and untouchability-based practice and religious, social, economic, political, and cultural discrimination. However, many are unhappy with the document, as the BBC's Charles Haviland explains. GP Koirala returns as prime minister, heading the ninth government in 10 years. The Ranas were staunchly pro-British and assisted the British during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and later in both World Wars. ", Garzilli, Enrica, "A Sanskrit Letter Written by Sylvain Lévi in 1923 to Hemarāja Śarmā Along With Some Hitherto Unknown Biographical Notes (Cultural Nationalism and Internationalism in the First Half of the 21st Cent. There is mass panic among investors about which course of action should they follow. [43], Africa's History & Migrations 200,000bc-3,000bc Nepal became a federal republic on 28 May 2008 and was formally renamed the 'Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal' ending the 200-year-old reign of the Shah monarchs. On June 1, 2001, Prince Dipendra, went on a shooting-spree, assassinating 9 members of the royal family, including King Birendra and Queen Aishwarya, before shooting himself. He suppressed the Nuwakot-Thankuris with the help of nobles and restored the old Solar Dynasty rule in Nepal for the second time. Political history of nepal 1. Bhola Deva succeeded Gunakama Deva. Jung Bahadur codified laws and modernized the state's bureaucracy.In the coup d'état of 1846, the nephews of Jung Bahadur and Ranodip Singh murdered Ranodip Singh and the sons of Jung Bahadur, adopted the name of Jung Bahadur and took control of Nepal. Royalist Prime Minister Surya Bahadur Thapa resigns following weeks of street protests by opposition groups. This government drafted a constitution called the 'Interim Government Act' which was the first constitution of Nepal. A period of quasi-constitutional rule followed, during which the monarch, assisted by the leaders of fledgling political parties, governed the country. Following the German invasion of Poland, the Kingdom of Nepal declared war on Germany on September 4, 1939. Pro-democracy agitation co-ordinated by NCP and leftist groups. This era in the valley is eminent for the various social and economic reforms such as the 'Sanskritization' of the valley people, new methods of land measurement and allocation, etc. New elections lead to formation of Communist government. The people were celebrating on the streets. In July 2005, Nepal’s Election Commission announced that municipal elections would be held in April 2006, but political parties had previously announced that they would boycott elections called by the king. Provision for fundamental rights. Launch coordinated attacks on army and police posts. Parliament votes unanimously to curtail the king's political powers. Over the next two centuries, his kingdom expanded widely, into much of the Indian subcontinent and western Tibet, before disintegrating into small principalities, which later came to be known as the Baise Rajya. The Back to Village Campaign (Nepali: गाउँ फर्क अभियान) launched in 1967, was one of the main rural development programs of the Panchayat system. A period of internal turmoil followed. Many of these Nepalese in exile had actively taken part in the Indian Independence struggle and wanted to liberate Nepal as well from the autocratic Rana occupation. The history of Nepal is intertwined with the history of the broader Indian subcontinent and the surrounding regions, comprising the areas of South Asia and East Asia. King Birendra eventually bows to pressure and agrees to new democratic constitution. Historians differ about the rule of several kings and their respective times. State of emergency declared after more than 100 people are killed in four days of violence. : Famous Indologists Write to the Raj Guru of Nepal – no. Their famous King Yalumber is even mentioned in the epic, ‘Mahabharat’. King agrees to allow direct elections to national assembly – but on a non-party basis. Prime Minister GP Koirala quits over the violence; succeeded by Sher Bahadur Deuba. Garzilli, Enrica, "The Interplay between Gender, Religion and Politics, and the New Violence against Women in Nepal", in J. Dragsbæk Schmidt and T. Roedel Berg (eds. Koirala's government defeated in no-confidence motion. Wap Nepal is a leading website of Nepal providing latest updates, information and results since 2008. As a pyramidal structure, progressing from village assemblies to the Rastriya Panchayat, the Panchayat system constitutionalized the absolute power of the monarch and kept the King as head of state with sole authority over all governmental institutions, including the cabinet (council of ministers) and the parliament. King Gyanendra orders army to crush the Maoist rebels. The valley's communications with the outside world were thus cut off. He built the Laksmi Vihara and introduced the tradition of worshiping the Kumari; young prepubescent girls believed to be manifestations of the divine female energy or devi. Maoist ministers resign from the cabinet in a row over who should be the next head of state. The king carried out the promised reforms, including selection of the prime minister by the Rastriya Panchayat. In the face of unstable governments and a siege on the Kathmandu Valley in August 2004, popular support for the monarchy began to wane. Maoist leaders enter parliament under the terms of a temporary constitution. Delineating the area between the Sun Koshi and Tama Koshi rivers as their native land, the list of Kirati kings is also given in the Gopal genealogy. Three bombs hit Kathmandu in the first attack in the capital since the end of the Maoist insurgency. The most ambitious king Mahendra sacked and imprisoned Bisheshwar Prasad Koirala on 1st Paush, 2017. After Amshuvarma, who ruled from 605 CE onward; the Thakuris had lost power and they could regain it only in 869 CE. All were styled (self proclaimed) Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski. The Joint People's Agitation Committee had called for a 30-minute 'lights out' in the capital, and violence erupted outside Bir Hospital when activists tried to enforce the 'lights out'. Alarmed, the Qianlong Emperor of the Chinese Qing Dynasty appointed Fuk'anggan commander-in-chief of the Tibetan campaign; Fuk'anggan signed a treaty to protect his troops thus attaining a draw.[25]. Nepal falls under sway of hereditary chief ministers known as Ranas, who dominate the monarchy and cut off country from outside world. This period is the first documented period in the history of Nepal. References to Nepal in famous Hindu epics such as the Mahabharata, Puranas and also Buddhist and Jain scriptures, establish the country's antiquity as an independent political and territorial entity. Radical leftist group, the Nepal Communist Party (Maoist), begins insurrection in rural areas aimed at abolishing monarch and establishing people's republic, sparking a conflict that would drag on for over a decade. Nepali Rashifal Today in English/Nepali Horoscope. The Constitution of Nepal was finally adopted on 20 September 2015. Jayasthiti Malla, with whom commences the later Malla dynasty of the Kathmandu valley, began to reign at the end of the 18th century. Amid student demonstrations and anti-regime activities in 1979, King Birendra called for a national referendum to decide on the nature of Nepal's government; either the continuation of the Panchayat system along with democratic reforms or the establishment of a multiparty system. There are three types of elections in Nepal: ... must not belong to a political party immediately before their appointment, must have attained the age of forty-five and must possess high moral character. He foresaw the need for unifying the small principalities as an urgent condition for survival in the future and set himself to the task accordingly. Prithvi Narayan Shah (c. 1779–1875) was the ninth generation descendant of Dravya Shah (1559–1570), the founder of the ruling house of Gorkha. The political parties such as the Praja Parishad and Nepali Congress were already formed in exile by leaders such as B. P. Koirala, Ganesh Man Singh, Subarna Sumsher Rana, Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, Girija Prasad Koirala, and many other patriotic-minded Nepalis who urged the military and popular political movement in Nepal to overthrow the autocratic Rana regime. However, this movement was repressed by the Nepali government, in "Operation Romeo" and "Operation Kilo Sera II", which took the lives of many of the leading activists of the struggle. The Constituent Assembly elects the Maoist Chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal 'Prachanda' as the first Prime Minister of Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. After 1800, the heirs of Prithvi Narayan Shah proved unable to maintain firm political control over Nepal. [42] The then United Nations Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon, alleged that the denial of petroleum and medicine to Nepal constituted a violation of human rights, adding to the humanitarian crisis. Nine Rana rulers took the hereditary office of Prime Minister. We have 0 resources for you... Update. There was no unity among the nobles and they asserted themselves in their respective spheres of influence. Maoist rebels and main opposition parties agree on a programme intended to restore democracy. [39] The then prime minister of Nepal, KP Sharma Oli, publicly accused India for the blockade calling the act more inhumane than war. The Dalits comprise 13% of Nepal’s population and can be Jaya Prakash Malla somehow managed to escape and took asylum in Patan. [7] The first documented tribes in Nepal are the Kirat people, who arrived into Nepal from Tibet roughly 4000 to 4500 years ago and moved into the Kathmandu valley and southern parts of Nepal, before being made to retreat elsewhere by the invading Licchavais from India who ruled the Kathmandu valley in modern-day southern parts of Nepal. The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) became the largest party amidst a general atmosphere of … When promised land reforms failed to appear, people in some districts started to organize to enact their own land reform and to gain some power over their lives in the face of usurious landlords. 1", "Kirates in Ancient India by G.P. Mutually debilitating wars gradually weakened them, which facilitated the conquest of the valley by Prithvi Narayan Shah of Gorkha. He is said to have built Navabahal and Hemavarna Vihara. King lifts the state of emergency amid international pressure. But Nepal is on the way to the federal government system. The most spoken language is Nepali followed by several other ethnic languages. The Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal covers approximately 147,000 square kilometres of the southern slopes of the Himalaya Mountains. Nepal joins the World Trade Organisation (WTO). Maoist rebels step up campaign of violence. The aristocratic Rana regime that began from 2 nd Aswin, 1903 B.S. Later in the day, a mass rally of the Agitation Committee at Tundikhel in the capital Kathmandu was attacked by police forces. They are said to have been followed by the Mahiṣapālavaṃśa or "buffalo-herder dynasty", established by a Yadav named Bhul Singh.[14]. After the death of Prithvi Narayan Shah, the Shah dynasty began to expand their kingdom into much of the Indian subcontinent.

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